The Myers-Briggs Essay Example for Free

The Myers-Briggs Essay The Myers-Briggs type indicator is a widely used to help individuals gain insight into there personality type and communication patterns. This tool will help the career counselor as well as the client have a better understanding on how the client judges and perceives the world. The type indicator is a beneficial tool for gaining insight into future career endeavors. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was developed by Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs in order to have a better understanding of differences and similarities in human personalities. The instrument is based on the psychological theory of Carl Jung, who strongly suggested in the 1920s that personality traits are inherited or innate. Myers and Briggs used Jungs theory to develop a list of four ranges of personality traits. They refined their definitions over and over again during the 1940s and 1950s by administering thousands of assessments (Gordon Martin, 2004). The MBTI identifies preferences rather than competencies it is designed to help you understand your unique personality and the way you relate to others around you. Backed by thousands of research studies, the MBTI assessment is both reliable and valid in assessing personality traits. The eight characteristics that are defined in the MBTI are not traits that vary in quantity; they are dichotomous constructs that describe equally legitimate but opposite ways in which we use our minds (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). The MBTI describes a dynamic personality system such that the 16 types are greater than the sum of their parts. This instrument is the most widely used personal instrument in the world-2 million administrations are given each year (Martin, 1997). Today their personality assessment instrument is more widely used by educators in the US than any other. It is not like other psychological tests in that it does not uncover illness or psychosis (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). It was designed to help normal people understand normal human behavior. Therefore, it could be used as an assessment instrument to help individuals select careers that suite their type preferences. There are eight types arranged in four continuums or scales. Everyone uses each of the types but there is an innate preference for one. The different types explain how individuals communicate and see the world. The MBTI uses these four separate dichotomies; two of these S-N and T-F, describe functions and reflect basic preferences for use of perceptions and judgment, the other two E-I and J-P, reflect attitudes or orientations. Together these functions and orientations influence how a person perceives a situation and decides on a course of action. The scales are explained below: Extravert-Introvert: In the extraverted attitude the energy flow is outward, and the preferred focus is on people and things, whereas in the introverted attitude the energy flow is inward, and the preferred focus is on inner thoughts and ideas. Extraverts (E) are energized by interaction with others such as they love to talk, participate, organize, and party. Extroverts like action. Es are pulled into life’s social interaction and may find it difficult to due things such as; settle down, read, or concentrate on written work. It is suggested that extravert due not to enjoy listening and would prefer to talk to work out their ideas. They would find tasks such as reading, research, or writing challenging because they are solitary endeavors (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003).. Introverts (I) are energized by the inner world of reflection though thought and contemplation. They need space and time alone. Introverts like activities such as; reading, lectures, written, or oral work. They usually have a longer attention span and prefer to think things through before acting (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). . Sensing-Intuitive (S-N) Sensing and Intuition are the perceiving functions. They indicate how a person prefers to receive data from the environment around him. These are the non-rational functions, as a person does not necessarily have control over receiving data, but only how to process it once they have it. Sensing prefers to receive data primarily from the five senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch), and intuition prefers to receive data from the unconscious, or seeing relationships via insights. Often it is called sixth sense or gut feel†. This scale suggests how you take in information and reported to have the biggest impact on how we learn (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Sensing (S) people depend heavily on their five senses to ingest information. They base knowledge on concrete facts, organization, and structure. They tend to be good at memorization, usually realistic, and relatively conventional. Ss are focused and oriented on the present, the concrete, and the here and now. Sensing people have a tendency to like outlines, clear guidelines, and specifics. They have difficulty relying on theories. Intuitive (N) individuals see the world through intuition. They learn by hunches, look at the big picture verse small details. They want to know the theory before deciding that facts are important. They have a tendency to be creative, innovative, and work with bursts of energy. Intuitive people ask why before anything else (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Thinking-Feeling: Thinking and Feeling are the rational functions. They are used to make rational decisions concerning the data they received from their perceiving functions. Thinking is characterized as preferring to be logical and analytical and thinking in terms of true or false. Thinking decisions tend to be based on more objective criteria and facts. Feeling, which refers to subjective criteria and values, strives for harmonious relationships and considers the implications for people. Feeling decisions tend to be based on what seems more good or less bad according to values. This range tells how people make decisions (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). . Thinking (T) people make decisions based of logic, analysis, and reason. They follow their head rather than heart, they tend to value truth. At times thinkers can appear blunt and uncaring about the feelings of others. Ts usually have strongly held principles, value fairness over everything, and need purpose in their life. People who must make decisions that negatively effect many individual lives (surgeons and corporation presidents) are often thinking types. Feeling (F) individuals follow their heart rather than their head. They decide on the basis of their feelings, personal likes and dislikes. They tend to want others to like them therefore they find it difficult to say no or disagree with others. Fs need and value kindness. Feeling type’s value harmony and are distressed by interpersonal friction. Feeling types are often found in social work, elementary school teaching, and other helping professions. They will feel rewarded when they can help others (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Judging-Perceiving: This range suggests the type of life style and work habits we prefer. It shows how people relate to the world around them. The J person tends to prefer to create and live in an ordered environment. Words like structured and controlled come to mind. Js tend to plan their work and work their plan. They often come across as decisive. The P individual tends to prefer a flexible, wait-and-see environment. Words like spontaneous and adaptable and open-minded best describe him or her. Judging (J) types try to order and control their world. They are decisive, may be closed-minded, and are usually well organized. The meet deadlines, like planning, and prefer to work on only one thing at a time (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Perceiving (P) types are spontaneous and do not enjoy to be boxed in by deadlines or plans. They want to gather more information before making a decision. They tend to multitask or have a variety of activities in their lives. Ps are flexible and often good in emergencies when plans are disrupted. Their biggest problem tends to be procrastination. They may make a calendar of things to do, but will probably lose it (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Jung originally developed his theory of types as part of his counseling with his clients. Distinguishing type can shed light on issues of self-esteem, relationship difficulties, life development and transitions, as well as decision making. As Jung suggests human behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, due to the basic differences in the way individuals prefer to use their judgment and perception. Perception involves all the ways of becoming aware of things, people, happenings, and ideas (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). Judgments involve all the ways of coming to conclusions about what has been perceived. Every individual could be described as unique. Each of us is a product of heredity and environment and, as a result, is different from everyone else. The idea behind uniqueness, however, gives no practical help in understanding the people whom we must educate, counsel, work with, or interact with in our personal lives. The assumption of similarity, therefore can promote misinterpretations and misunderstandings of humans because peoples minds operate differently. People’s perceptions and judgments are all choices, in accordance with principles of human development (Gordon Martin, 2004). According to Jung’s theory the instrument can be beneficial in organizational development as well as career development. Through the instrument individuals can gain self understanding which leads to self awareness (Briggs-Myers, McCauley, Quenk, Hammer, 2003). When individuals have self awareness they gain knowledge on personal preferences and dislikes. MBTI suggests that when people understand how they communicate with others there can be a wealth of positive outcomes such as; increased appreciation for colleges, improvement in communication, a better understanding of how to deal with conflict, enhancement in problem solving, and better decision making (Gordon Martin, 2004). Dr. Charles Martin suggests that research clearly has shown that people are attracted to careers choices that will allow them to make use of their natural type preferences. He also suggests that through all the four letters of the final personality types can affect the kind of career that interests you (Martin, 1997). A person’s combination of the two middle letters has particular importance on the career choice you pick. That is the combination of perception (sensing or intuition) and judgment (thinking and feeling) seems to have the most influence on which kinds of careers will attract you (Martin, 1997). The individual’s type can provide the career counselor with useful information as well as the client on a variety of issues related to career choice. Based on I verse E, this will determine a persons need for social interaction, J verse P can interpret how organized an individual needs to be verse how flexible they can be (Gordon Martin, 2004). Obviously there is more to an individual them there type so it is also necessary for the individual to make decisions for a career choice. Under the assumption a career counselor would have knowledge and be educated on the Myers Briggs assessment this specific tool could be beneficial for job placement of career choice. If people gain insight in to what motivates them, possibly they could choose a career that would satisfy that need.

Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption

Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption Malaysians were first introduced to fast foods when AW established its first restaurant in 1963. Consumers acceptance of fast foods has been increasing. This is manifested by the proliferation of fast food outlets in Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur, such as Mc Donalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Grandys, Pizza Hut and Shakeys Pizza. Especially during the past ten years. These restaurants are franchised outlets that serve standardised western style menus, prepared according to strict specifications and charge fixed prices. Nowadays, many Malaysian are becoming increasingly more westernized and pursuing greater convenience when eating out. For these reasons, fast food restaurants have become especially popular among adolescents. In fact, the main customer group of fast food restaurants is students. Primary school student will request for fast food such as Mc Donald, KFC or Pizza Hut when they spend their family day with parents. While for teenager, they love fast food because its a nice place for them to hang out with friends and chit chat with. Several dietary factors inherent in fast food may cause a variety of negative health effects, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease and some cancers due to massive portion of fast food, high energy density, palatability (appealing to primordial taste preferences for fats, sugar and salt), high content of saturated and trans fat, and low content of fibre. In order to induce students to have a correct understanding of the problems associated with fast food and to form a good dietary habit, it is necessary to realize how they perceive the influence of fast food on their health and nutrition. The purpose of this study is to examine Malaysian students perceptions and towards fast foods. A better understanding of the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with eating fast food could provide useful descriptive information for potential intervention development. LITERATURE REVIEW This research paper is not undertaking as a substantial survey either of brand building or of consumer experience. Nor is it seeking the perception of student to fast food. Brands enhance human daily life. Consumers experience of using their familiar brands is more comfortable. This is because the essence of branded eating in fast food restaurants, albeit inflected culturally in different direction. Students consume the same brand as they friends did. This had brought out the trend among students which fast food restaurant is a place to hang out. According to Schlosser (2001) with increased mobility and the sprawling of urban areas people spent more time commuting to work. This was coupled with an increasing presence of women in the workplace thus leading to less time allocated for food preparation at home. At that stage, some three quarters of the family food budget was initially spent on fast food meals. Quick to capture the changing nature of the business, the fast food industry has also changed the face of the food chain in the last decades. Changes in food presentation and preparation were derived from technological improvements that facilitated the preservation of both uncooked and precooked foods. The advent of the microwave helped with the rapid preparation of food. As well as food preparation, the presentation of food also went through transformation. Outlets that were relied highly on staff and the use of crockery or cutlery gave way to a strong eat with your fingers emphasis. In addition to this, technological advances in packaging allowed the ultimate use of disposal of materials made of plastic, cardboard and polymers. These came in tandem with a drive towards uniformity of expectations, which included not only the presentation of the food itself, but also radical changes to the fundamentals of traditional restaurant (Schlosser 2001). Rault-Wack and Bricas (2002) propose that food is also a powerful medium for the construction of cultural and collective identities. Therefore, by establishing a corporate identity through the use of architectural symbolism such as red tiles and neon arches (Jackle and Scalle, 1999), the overall result meant that a particular name would be immediately associated with a particular product and service. As a result a strong brand association and identification was established facilitating the formation and consolidation of strong corporate identities. In the UK, fast food preparation and presentation thus follows the American model which created a strong cultural and collective identity. The model has provided the consumers with uniformity and repeated experience (Schlosser 2002). According to Anita Goyal and N.P. Singh survey, Consumers perception on fast foods in India had mention that after the liberalisation policy that came in force in 1991. Fast food industry grown in India as multinational fast food providers have set up their business either jointly with Indian partners or independently. From this journal was seeks to estimate importance of various factors affecting the choice of fast food outlets by Indian young consumers. According to the findings of the recent online survey from AC Nielson is among the top ten markets for weekly fast food consumption among the countries of Asia-Pacific region. Over 70 % of customers consume food from take-away restaurants once a month or more frequently. Identifying the drivers for preference of one-brand over another, the survey results indicate that 66% of customers who consider hygiene and cleanliness their most important criterion for selection. 24% of customers decide making criterion to purchase a fast food brand offer and 22% rely on their perception of whether a take-away brand offers them healthy food options. Other than that, youngest consumers are looking for variety, price, speed, delivery service and location in America and for price and novelties as well. Older consumers are more concern to cleanliness, nutritional value, quality and taste. According Tony Wilson and Khor Yoke Lim (2005), fast food culture has become a trend in the world. Even the state of ones health has become primary concern for consumer, but it does not affect the way consumers choose to eat. Having fast food becomes a part of student life. If current trend continue and forecast correct three quarters of todays teenage will be overweight or obese by the time they turn in 40 years old. Malaysia fast food industry is growing and attributed with the changing in life such as leisure and people life more convenience compare to years ago. Consumer have been spending less of their budget on the grocery store while spending more of their food money is ending up in cash register at the restaurant and fast food outlets. Besides that, convenience was another good perception view from public to fast food. Working adult willing to purchase fast food as their lunch or dinner due to its efficient for getting their meal and also its value packages which provided by fast food restaurant. Other than that, normally, fast food restaurant based in or near shopping complex or office building. This had build another good reason while employees are rushing for their lunch hour and they are much more prefer to have fast food in 15 minutes to enjoy for their one hour lunch time. Nowadays, people are more concern to health condition compare to years ago. Therefore, in long term healthy eating will be effective in reducing the risk of community towards chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Guidelines on fast foods are advertising to children and labelling of nutrient content. The increasing circulation of obesity among children is also a main reason. Nutrition labelling is to provide nutrition information on wrapper, brochure, pamphlet or posters of fast food. Consumers will be informed of the amount of the nutrients contains. Therefore, education towards consumer on the use of nutrition labelling information must to carry out to ensure effective use of the declaration. PROBLEM STATEMENT A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issues that need to be addressed by a problem solving team and should be created before they try to solve the problem. When bringing together a team to achieve a particular purpose provide them with a problem statement. In this students perception towards consuming of fast food, students believes that fast food are convenience and efficient. This is the factors that lead to the drastic increase in the statistical analysis on fast food consumption in Malaysia. This is because they had already set in mind fast food is convenient and less time consuming to purchase compare to a proper restaurants. Finally, fast food has become a basic social lifestyle as students treat a fast food restaurant as a place for gather and hang out. Research Question Research question 1: What is the perception of students on fast food? Hypotheses 1: Fast food is convenient and less time consuming Hypotheses 2: Fast food is place for gatherings and hangs out. Research question 2: What are the factors that influencing fast food consumption? Hypotheses 1: Fast food increases the obesity rate in Malaysian. Hypotheses 2: Fast foods foods are lack of nutrient and might causes health matters if consume in a long term. Research Objective The main objective of this research is to conduct a conclusive research to explore insights about students perception on fast food consumption. We want to know the student perception on fast food consumption and how this perception influencing them to consume a fast food as their meal. This research is also to identify and analyze the factors that influencing student on fast food consumption. The factors that influencing students fast food consumption can be in terms of price of the fast food, nutrition of the fast food, convenience and lifestyle. Price of fast food is an economic factor that influence them the most whether to consume fast food. This depend whether they got extra pocket money which usually come from their parents. Nowadays, fast food is one of the foods that students consume every day. Nutrition of fast food is taking into consideration for students healthy. This research is also conducted to find out whether student consume fast food is because of the convenience to get the fast food and eating fast food is kind of lifestyle. In short, the final analysis should give us what factors that influence the students on fast food consumption hence fast food restaurants can take the findings of this research as a guide to improve their services or make more profit. Research Framework Independent Moderating Dependent Variables Variable Variable Price of Fast Food Student consumption of Fast Food in Malaysia Students attitude towards Fast Food Demographic Nutrition of Fast Food Convenience of Fast Food This survey indicates that students consumption on fast food in Malaysia are affected by several variables which are price of purchasing fast food, trend or lifestyle of student, nutrition that contains and the convenience of the fast food. Refer to the framework, these 4 variables are important because either one of the variable will cause the perception of student to consume on fast food. Besides, all the variables had been affected by moderating variable, demography. The demography is include age, gender, income race and others demography that related to student consumption on fast food. Therefore, we take it as our independent variables for this research. Price The price is a component of an exchange or transaction that takes place between two parties and refers to what must be given up by one party (example: buyer) in order to obtain something offered by another party (example: seller). Price factors are said to influencing most of the students perception is because of the allowance from their parents are very minimal and students perception in purchasing fast food are believed to be expensive and not full filling. Sometimes, student will purchase fast food because of the price is reasonable for certain portion of the fast food. Therefore, the price is the perception of the student in fast food consumption. Attitude Besides, attitude is also an independent variable for the student perception on fast food. Attitudes is kind of manner, disposition, feeling posture of the body to expressive of an action, emotion regards to a person. This can be show that student attitudes towards Fast food are treating Fast food restaurant as a place for gatherings. Students nowadays like to hang around with friends at fast food restaurant compare library; they think that this is a part of their life or so called cool. Besides, student for high institution will spend more time at fast food restaurant to do their assignment, surf net, chit chat with their friend and so on, where all these activities can be doing at home, library or any parts of the campus. Nutrition Nutrition is nutrients in food, how the body uses nutrients, and the relationship between diet, health and disease. This is important to know what is the nutrition of the fast food contains and found out there is a poor nutrient value from the fast food. It is not only contains a very high calorie in some certain amount of fast food, it contains high monosodium glutamate (MSG), as a food additive and is commonly marketed as a flavour enhancer that is bad for health if it is highly consumed and fast food is of the leads to obesity among teenagers these days. Do students now a day refer to any nutrition labels before they purchase fast food and will the student aware of health if they have their fast food frequently? So, nutrition is very important for student perception on fast food that might influence student consumption to have fast food. Convenience Following is convenience of fast food. Convenience is anything that is intended to save resources (time, energy) or frustration. Convenience is one of the factors that most students do go for fast food as they think fast food is very convenient and less time consuming. In the students mind set of fast food is a place for everyone to visit there at anytime anywhere. Compare to a normal restaurant which need to wait for long queue just for waiting waitress to serve and order. However, fast food just need a few minutes where students can enjoy their meals without wasting time and energy. This is why fast food brings convenience to student. Research Methodology In this research, our main finding is factors that cause students perception from higher education institution in the fast food consumption. Most of the students are having pocket money that provided by their parents, money that students spend will automatically been limited due to amount of parents give to them, so we want to find out that price will change student perception in fast food area. Besides price factor, we also will focus on the convenience and attitude of students that influence their perception on fast food consumption. In addition, current condition in nutrition or health knowledge is also important to us to know that students will be affect by the nutrition knowledge when they want to consume fast food. Why So, we can use our finding to exploit our knowledge on perception of students on fast food consumption and it may also useful in future too. Population Sampling Students who consumed food obtained in fast food restaurants in Malaysia. Sample Sampling Our sample is students from Higher education Institutions. This is because, student in higher education level, their minded is much more mature to make decision. While our target number of students is 100 for direct collect survey which just for Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor. This is because; higher education institutions are more locating in these 2 areas. But we not set a target for our online survey, this is because online survey hard to us to estimate it and we also have confidence that we sure can get many respondents. So, after conduct the online survey we just know that how many of respondents gather in online. Technique We will use survey method to collect or gather our data, due to the reason of survey is the easy way to give students to answer comparing with others techniques that quite complicated; moreover it is the inexpensive way to gather form a potentially large enough to respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. We had separated our questionnaire into 5 parts, which are Demographic, Price, Convenience, Life Style and Nutrition. In addition, scale technique that we use is Likert scale. So, in the part of price, convenience, attitude and nutrition, we can get their response of perception of the higher level educations students in fast food view. While before the 5 part that previous mention, we also set questions to get some basic information about students perception on fast food consumption. For examples, which fast food restaurant are students most to consume. Where or location Fast food restaurants that around the higher education institution It can give us great chances to gather our survey from our target respondents which are students of high education institution. Besides the reason, it will give us more or accurate feeling from students to answer to the survey, such as Seri Kembangan Mc-Donald, Cyberjaya Domino Pizza. Online Survey Nowadays, all the students form higher education institution are online, no matter is their academic purpose, for fun or else they also spend a lots of time in online. So, through online survey, we can collect survey faster and easy. Reason of us to run 2 ways of survey is that we can gather different data or view of respondents when they are not from the same type of groups. For example, online respondents that do not consume much may have different view such as perception of price is higher compare with respondents which direct fulfill in the fast food restaurants. Time or period Most of the fast food restaurants are also have provide different package in different time or period, so we will separate 3 groups which are breakfast, lunch and dinner time slots to gather our survey, or it can also name as stratified sampling. Although online method can be collect data faster, but we also need to use 1 month to leave at online, so that can gather more responses. Our 2 methods will be run together so that can gather survey in the faster way. Questionnaire [1]Gender : Male Female [2]Age : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 20 21 27 28 34 35 41 42 48 49 55 [3] Race : Malay Chinese Indian Others [4] Course : (Ex: BBA Marketing with Multimedia) [5] Year of Study: (1, 2, 3, 4, first, second, third, fourth or others) [6] Where do you live currently? (Sri Kembangan, Cyberia or others) [7] Income Level or Pocket Money:- RM2001.00 RM3000 .00 RM3001.00 RM4000.00 > RM4000.00 [8] Which fast food restaurant(s) you most consume? (May choose more than 1) KFC MC-Donald Burger King Pizza Hut AW Others: [9] I choose fast food because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (May choose more than 1) No Choice Delicious Easy to go Fast to get meal Others: [10] I frequently select fast foods _______________as my meal set. (May choose more than 1) Breakfast Lunch Tea time Dinner Supper Others [11] I choose fast food, when I am _____? Rushing of Time Very Hungry Stress Others [12] What do you think about the price rate for fast food in value meal? Strongly Inexpensive 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Expensive [13] What do you think about the price rate for fast food in ala cart? Strongly Inexpensive 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Expensive [14] How frequent do you add on or purchase a larger meal? Not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 Very Frequent [15] How frequent do you redeem the voucher provided by fast food restaurant? Not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 Very Frequent [16] Do you apply as a fast food restaurant member? Yes No If yes, do you use member card to get members privilege (such as redeem price)? Yes No If no, will you consider applying member card in the future? Yes No [17] Fast food restaurants location currently in town is best serving me. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [18] Fast food restaurant in shopping mall save my time in choosing food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [19] I can easily search for fast food restaurant whenever I feel like buying fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [20] I am willing to travel to a restaurant just to eat fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [21] Fast food restaurants location would be a consideration for me to buy fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [22] I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant located nearby my house. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [23] I often use Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants when I am in a rush. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [24] Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [25] I often use delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [26] Delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [27] Delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants delivered my order within the time period that they have promised. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [28] Counter service in fast food restaurant very fast in the speed in serving my order. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [29] Counter service in fast food restaurant is efficiently serving my order. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [30] I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant serve my order in a shorter time. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [31] I like the concept where fast food restaurant open 24 hours a day. Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree [32] Do you know the nutrition contains in the fast food? Yes No [32] How do you know about the nutrition of fast food? Word of mouth Parents Education News paper [33] Are you alert about nutrition the value of fast food? Not alert 1 2 3 4 5 strongly alert [34] Would you still consider consuming particular fast food, after referring to Nutrition Value Label? Not consuming 1 2 3 4 5 strongly consuming [35] Do you think fast food nowadays is nutrition? Yes No [36] How often do you visit the fast food restaurant in a week? Every day 3 times 2 times Never. [37] Do you agree on going to a fast food restaurant for a supper? Yes No [38] The most suitable place to organize a group gathering isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, Pub Fast food restaurant At home Others __________ [39] Do you think Wi-Fi is important to be implemented in a fast food restaurant? (Please state your reasons below.) Yes No __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [40] Lastly, What came across your mind, when you hear the word FAST FOOD? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Pepsi’s Growth and Marketing Strategies :: GCSE Business Management Studies

INTRODUCTION Pepsi-Cola Pepsi's beverage business was founded by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham who created a special beverage, a soft drink, in the back room of his drug store in New Bern, North Carolina (Pepsi Co, 2004). It has become one of today’s leading soft drink with nearly $20 billion in worldwide retail sales (PepsiCo Inc., 2003), and like what coke has, Pepsi also has a variety of products in the world, such as Pepsi-Cola, diet Pepsi, Pepsi max, mountain dew and so forth. In this report, we will specifically focus on Pepsi-Cola, and the aim of this report is to summarize and analyse Pepsi’s growth strategy as well as its marketing strategies. Firstly, the background of Pepsi Company and their products will be summarized. Secondly, four elements or components will be analysed in this report, which are based on: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion Finally, some recommendations relative to Pepsi’s marketing strategy will be suggested. In order to make the information of this report accurate and forceful, several valuable sources were used to analyse. Those sources including: * Marketing textbook * Academic paper * Internet * Online business magazines BACKGROUND Pepsi Co. is a Multinational corporation, which extends over many countries; Pepsi and Frito-Lay merged in 1960, which named the new company Pepsi Co. Besides, Pepsi Co. has merged with some other companies such as Gatorade, which became the world’s fifth-largest food and beverage company with 15 brands. The company operates in a monopolistically competitive market, where its biggest competitor is Coca-Cola. Pepsi brand name and its strategic message ‘it’s the cola’ have already penetrated the world market. In this case the brand name ‘Pepsi’ is very effective in differentiating its product from the others. Within the soft drink industry Pepsi is considered to be a middle class drink and Pepsi offers quality product that provides assurance to the public. Pepsi is undertaking both advertising and marketing campaigns around the world, its advertising campaign include TV, magazines, in-stores, outdoors and on the Internet. The marketing campaigns it undertook include lucky draw and promotions. For example in Singapore there is a promotion done by Pepsi that for every 6-pack of Pepsi you purchase you can have a turn on the fortune wheel to win prizes such as Pepsi t-shirt, more Pepsi drinks and cash prizes. This is done when the economy is in recession and Pepsi is trying to boost up its company and product image. Pepsi’s target market has usually been the middle-income family, as Pepsi is not as expensive as Coke and not as cheap as the other brands. Pepsi around the world usually target toward young people early teens to late twenties, however this is still based on location

pearl harbor Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attack on Pear Harbor has influenced history in a way that has made America stronger. It helped America unite as a country, allowing them to overcome greater obstacles. One example is the recent tragedy of September 11. I believe that Pearl Harbor helped unite America as a nation so when the bombing on September 11 happened, it helped the U.S. handle this tragedy. In my report, I would like to tell you of the events leading up to the day of the attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1937, Japan invaded China and began waging a war on them. Since Japan was militaristic, the official head of the Japanese government did not have real power. Instead, the reins of power were held by military officials. Military leaders convinced Japanese people that they were under divine protection and could not be defeated. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Treaty with Germany and Italy, which joined them to the Axis Powers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Japanese invasion of China disturbed America, for the U.S. and China had always been close allies. Many Americans were alarmed by the increasingly hostile nature of Japan’s leaders and by her powerful military thus when Chinese leader asked the U.S. for assistance, President Roosevelt declared a moral embargo. He also started strengthening American defenses in the Pacific. The center of activity was the naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Japan saw the embargo on China as a threat. Japan asked to be left alone, but America refused, insisting that they withdraw from China. Soon the embargo began to hurt Japan’s economy. So they decided to push America out of the Pacific. Japanese military leaders warned that a long war with the U.S. would result in a Japanese defeat. Japan believed that a knockout blow must be dealt to the American’s at the very beginning. They decided to launch a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor knowing that by destroying America’s Pacific fleet, the U.S. would not be able to fight back, and they would have to surrender. In the months before the attack on United States bases in the Pacific, the young Japanese men trained rigorously for service in their country’s air forces. Several factors prevented the American command from ant... ... at all. Soon after the surprise attack, on September 8, President Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war. They agreed with an overwhelming vote for war, and Roosevelt soon addressed America: â€Å"Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of Japan.† Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S., and the U.S. declared war on Italy and Germany. Japan thought that their attack on Pearl Harbor would destroy America, but they soon found that they had failed to anticipate three important things: (1) Most of the U.S. aircraft carriers were at sea during the attack, thus escaping the damage. (2) The attack failed to destroy the repair facilities and fuel reserves at Pearl Harbor naval base. (3) The surprise attack united the American people as nothing has before, and the entire nation banded together to face their fears with one goal—to defeat the Axis Powers. The Japanese had not crushed America at all; instead, they had—in the words of a Japanese admiral—â€Å"awakened a sleeping giant, and filled him with a terrible resolve.†

Other views of Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight :: Essays Papers

Other views of Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Below are quotations selected from a number of sources which address the character of Sir Gawain: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "In the earliest Arthurian stories, Sir Gawain was the greatest of the Knights of the Round Table. He was famed for his prowess at arms and, above all, for his courtesy. ... Here Gawain is the perfect knight; he is so recognized by the various characters in the story and, for all his modesty, implicitly in his view of himself. To the others his greatest qualities are his knightly courtesy and his success in battle. To Gawain these are important, but he seems to set an even higher value on his courage and integrity, the two central pillars of his manhood. The story is concerned with the conflict between his conception of himself and the reality. He is not quite so brave or so honorable as he thought he was, but he is still very brave, very honorable. He cannot quite see this, but the reader can. The character of Sir Gawain is relatively fixed by tradition; he cannot act very differently from the way he does. In consequence, his character is static--is, indeed, less interesting than that of his adversary, the Green Knight. But it is for other qualities than character interest that Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is valued." (G. B. Pace, 35) From: Clark, Donald, et al. English Literature: A College Anthology. New York: The Macmillian Company, 1960. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "We are placed on the side of mortality itself, and can thus, with the Green Knight, forgive Gawain for his single act of cowardice: what he did was done not out of sensual lust but for love of life--'the less, then, to blame.' In the context of this affectionate sympathy, Gawain's own violent anger at the revelation of his fault must itself be viewed with amusement, as part of his human fallibility." (Marie Borroff, Introduction) From: Borroff, Marie. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight: A New Verse Translation. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1967. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Gawain is, naturally, more fully drawn than any other character. Not only do we observe him ourselves, we are told how he impressed other people in the story and how he himself thought and felt. We see him behaving, as all expect him to do, with exquisite courtesy; but we also see what is not apparent to the other characters, that such behavior does not always come easily to him.

Plato’s Theory of Forms Essay

Plato’s theory of forms is strongly based on what is real and what is not. What is real is thought to be perfect, but something cannot be real or perfect if it is always changing. He explains that the â€Å"World of forms† is very different to the â€Å"World of appearances†. The â€Å"World of forms† can only be properly understood by philosophers and those who seek knowledge, not by the ignorant or those who do not wish to learn the truth. The theory of forms makes a distinction between those objects that are real and those that are only real in our minds. His dialogues (e. g. Parable of the cave) portray knowledge as the process of leaving the cave and going into the sunlight. The people in the cave find their reality in the shadows cast in the cave and assume there can never be anything beyond these shadows. These shadows are used to convey that the world that we see is just a shadow or reflection of what is real. For Plato, the real world is not what we see around us, it is only the â€Å"World of forms† that is real and unchanging. Plato believed that what is perceived as knowledge in this world was in fact only opinion and true knowledge rests only in the world of forms. Knowledge is seen to be something that can be known by senses but if all to see in this world are constantly changing shadows then they are not the truth but the constant, unchanging and eternal concepts in the world of forms do not have this problem of contradiction, Plato explained knowledge as eternal and immutable this means the changing world couldn’t hold knowledge with the eternal one could. Plato describes the forms as independently existing entities whose existence and nature are graspable only by the mind, even though they do not depend on being grasped in order to exist. Plato said that souls come from the world of forms which is why we have an innate knowledge of beauty or the form of beauty, but we don’t actually know what it is and therefore can’t judge. When we see examples of justice, we recognise them because we recognise them as we see that they reflect the nature of True Justice or the form of Justice. The beauty or justice that we see in society around us is always imperfect, as even though we have never seen perfect justice or beauty we know what they are according to Plato, because we have an understanding gained as a recollection of our souls experience in the world of forms. Plato believed that although all forms were perfect there was a hierarchy within them with the form of goodness being at the top, such as the sun in the ‘allegory of the cave’ which shined over everything and allowed the prisoner new information. The form of goodness allows all the other forms to be understood and be valued. We are said to participate in the form but it isn’t something that Plato gave detail or description on, this has become one of the argument and reasons why some people have rejected the theory. Aristotle gave another argument against the theory as the ideal of man would hold traits of man and would therefore have to have a perfect form on which it is based as would that being. This idea could be back traced continuously and is used to show that each concept would have to have a concept on which it itself was based.

Sauses of religious crises in nigeria Essay

This essay is an attempt at identifying the remote and immediate causes of the incessant religious crises in northern towns and cities, if you’d rather the so-called middle belt political zone of the north. In expressing this view, there is no intention on my part to mock the bones of those who died so long ago and who tried, however ineffectually, to lead their people. The thrust of this piece is that the nuisance of religious crises in the North is essentially a result of the manipulation of religion to score political goals: using religion to confuse or destabilize; which set the stage for what we experienced time and again: series of violent provocations, reactions and counter reactions; all in the name of religion. This manipulation of religion is orchestrated and masterminded by selfish elements within the so-called elite class of both the Islamic and Christian religions, herein referred to simply as the manipulators. The motive for the manipulation of religion is a self centred one, a means through which selfish politicians seek to attain undue political leverage in an otherwise politically competitive level playing field. The reason for this is, in the words of the late Dr. Yusufu Bala Usman â€Å"to enable this class (the manipulators) to cover themselves with religious and ethnic disguises in order to further entrench division among our people (and) slow down their awakening at any cost.† This is because any single one of them (the manipulators) â€Å"cannot appear as what he really is in the political economy of Nigeria. He has to find a cover. He cannot claim political leadership openly on the grounds that he is, or wants to be, an exporter-importer, a contractor (etcetera)†¦ he has to take cover as a Muslim or Christian †¦ the manipulation of religion in Nigeria today is essentially a means of creating the context for this fancy-dress ball, for this charade of disguises.† (See Dr. Y. B. Usman’s The Manipulation of Religion in Nigeria 1977-1987). Ever wonder why religious crises in Nigeria are essentially a northern affair? Kafanchan, Zangon-Kataf, Tafawa-Balewa, Yelwan-Shendam, Jos, Kaduna, Bauchi etcetera; in most places it happened more than once. Between 1804 and 1812, an Islamic state, what we now referred to as the Sokoto Caliphate was established as a bye-product of the Islamic reform movement started by Shehu Usmanu Danfodio in Hausaland at about 1774. The Sokoto Caliphate comprised of a large chunk of pre-colonial Hausaland: Kano, Katsina, Gobir and Zazzau; Western flank of the pre-colonial Borno before the Shehus of Kukawa: Hadejia, Gumel, Kazaure, Katagum, Misau and Gombe; Benue valley and the Bauchi Plateau, including the present Jos Plateau; Nupe and Ilorin emirates. The Sokoto Caliphate was regarded as a bye-product of the Islamic reform movement because Shehu Danfodio did not set out to conquer lands and territories, but rather to call, as Sheikh Abdullahi Fodio wrote in Tazyin al-Waraqat â€Å"to the revival of Faith, and Islam, and good works, and to abandon customs contrary to them.† Following the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate, the successors of the Shehu and the flag bearers failed to sustain the spirit of the Islamic reform movement; rather they were so much after the luxury of life and the delights of power. As Sheikh Abdullahi Fodio lamented in Tazyin al-Waraqat â€Å" I am left in the midst of liars and hypocrites who say one thing and do entirely another, people who do not value knowledge and its pursuit†¦ people whose preoccupation is attainment of political power for the procurement of sensual comfort through concubines, flutist, gorgeous clothing and brisk horses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Having derailed from the path concretely mapped out by Shehu Danfodio, the successors of Shehu and the flag-bearers found it more convenient to subjugate and exploit both the non Muslim Hausas (Maguzawa) and the several hundred animist minority tribes and ethnic groups within their domain than to call them to the Islamic faith. For one hundred years, these non Muslim communities were fit only to serve the Caliphate as major suppliers of slaves, concubines, food and raw materials. In 1903 the Caliphate was overthrown by the British. When the Whiteman came with the Christian religion to this doomed people, a marriage of convenience was inevitable: he offered them hope; they accepted his religion. The rest is history. In my article titled Nigeria: Washing Our Dirty Linen in Public published by Gamji in 2007, I described the features of northern Nigerian Christianity when I wrote: The Northern Nigeria brand of Christianity is, probably, the most politicised version of Christianity on the surface of today’s earth. Christianity in the North has a distinct meaning and flavour from anywhere else. In the North, Christianity is, more or less, a political banner, movement or platform upon which all non-Muslim ethnic Northerners flock in opposition to what they perceived as Hausa and Fulani led oppression, both real and imagine. This northern Christian mindset is clear if one look at what the average northern Christian consider the political (read: Christian) Middle belt as distinct from the geographical Middle belt. The average southern Christian, until very recently, views issues with the Hausa and Fulani led north essentially in regional and tribal terms. The Northern Christian reduces all issues, social, political and even economic, within the North simply to Islam v. Christianity. Islam is viewed as the symbol of Hausa and Fulani corrupt power and materialism which must be fought at all cost. Some church leaders indicate to their followers that the secret of their wretchedness can be explained in the prosperity of the other side. This set the background for the fear of the other side. How easily fear leads to distrust, to hatred, to dehumanisation and, to death. Which way out of this quagmire? Manipulation is the root cause of all these crises. â€Å"Manipulation† wrote Dr. Y. B. Usman â€Å"means essentially controlling the action of a person or group without that person or group knowing the goals, purpose and method of that control and without even being aware that a form of control is being exercised on them at all†. From the foregoing it is clear that the manipulators succeeded in manipulating the people because the people are not aware of being manipulated. The corollary to this premise is that the people will not accept to be manipulated if they are conscious and aware enough to see through the manipulators’ lies. The one million dollars question then is: How do we equip the people with the tools necessary for them to be not only conscious and aware of the manipulators tricks, but also to be able to effectively resist them? Dear concerned Reader, let us brainstorm to come-up with an answer to this question. This I believe, will be a right step in the right direction towards finding a lasting solution to this nuisance of incessant religious crises in our dear country.